Modulation circuit



March 14, 1950 DE JAGER ETAL 2,500,807

MODULA'IION cmcurr Filed Aug. 3, 1948 FRANK DEJAGER HENDRIK VAN DE WEG INVENTORS AGENT Patented Mar. l4 1950 umrao STA'I'ESY PA'IENT ornca MODULATION CIRCUIT Frank de Jager and Hendrik van de Weg, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to Harti'ord Na.- tional Bank and Trust Company, Hartford,

Coma, as trustee Application August 3, 1948, Serial No. 42,248 In the Netherlands September 29, 1947 3 Claims. C1. 332-435) uctswith such circuit-arrangements it is necessary for the conducting and the non-conducting phases of the rectiflers to be controlled, at least substantially, by the auxiliary oscillation, and this leads in practice to a reduction in amplitude of the modulation signal down to from 20 and 30% of the amplitude of the auxiliary oscillation.

Moreover, by using selenium rectifiers both the amplitude of the modulation signal and that of the auxiliary oscillation are restricted by the comparatively low permissible operating. voltage.

Preventing the auxiliary oscillation trom appearing in the output voltage of the modulator circuit generally requires accurate selection of rectifiers, which even then will not be identical, so that frequently a given grouping must still be carried out.

These known modulators further more require transformers which are as i'ar as possible symmetrical and which, i' desired, might be replaced by resistances, considerable losses oi' energy occurring, however, in these resistances.

Finally, the high parallel capacity of the selenium rectifiers used is a source of considerable trouble.

The circuit-arrangement according to the invention obviates the aforesaid disadvantages and exhibits the feature that the auxiliary oscillation is ied to the deflecting means of a cathode-ray tube, which comprises two control-paths each of which is formed by two secondary-emission collecting electrodes, to which a direct voltage is supplied by galvanic means, one of the collecting electrodes of one control-path being electrically connected to one of the collecting electrodes of the other control-path and the signal being ed in phase-opposition to the two ether collecting electrodes.

In order that the inventipn may be more clearly understood and readily carried into eiect, it will now be described more i'ully with reference to the accompanying drawing.

grammatically, comprises a cathode 2, several electrodes (not shown) operating to form a cathode-ray beam 3, a set of deflecting plates 4 and 5 and, in additlon, two control-paths 8 and 1, iormed by the pairs of secondary-emission collecting electrodes 8, 9 and Il! H respectively.

The secondary-emission electrodes 9 and lil are electrically interconnected, and are connected through resistance I3 to a positive direct voltage, and electrodes 8 and I! are connected through resistances I2 and I4, respectively, to said positive direct voltage.

The signal Eq, which is required to modulate the auxiliary oscillation, is fed in phase-opposition, 'through blocking condensers I5and I6 to the secondary-emission collecting electrodes 8 and ll, whereas the auxiliary oscillati0n is fed to the deflecting plates 4 and 5, so that the cathode-ray beam 3 altemately strikes the electrodes of the control-paths 6 and 1.

If, at a given instant, at which the beam 3 strikes the control-path 8, the potential at the collecting electrode 8 is increased under the action of avariation of the voltage Eq, secondary electrons will travel trom electrode 9 to electrode 8 with the result that the control-path iormed by the space between the electrodes 8 and 8 tends to form a conductive connection.

This connection is interrupted as soon as the cathode-ray beam is changed over, under the action of the auxiliary oscillation fed to the deiiecting plates 4 and 5, to the position in which the control-path 1 is onnected into the circuit.

A commutation of the input voltage Eq is thus periodically eifected with the use of the cathoderay beam at a frequency equal to that of the auxiliary oscillation, so that across the output terminals l'l, I8 a moduiation product may be obtained, the form of which is similar to that of the conventional modulation circuits.

If, in addition, for example, the signal voltage Eq is replaced by a direct voltage source, the electric centre of which is connected to the cathode of the tube I, 2. block-shaped alternating voltage occurs a-cross the output, owing to the periodical commutation by means of the cathode-ray tube.

Snce the cutting-oi phase and the conductive phase of the control-paths are not determined by sum and difference voltages of auxiliary oscillation and signal, as in the case of the well known circuit-arrangements, it will be obvious thatthe The cathode-raytube l, which is shown diamodulation signal may be chosen to be appiciably higher in relation to the amplitude of the auxiliary oscillation.

Transfor'mers are not essential in the circuit arrangement aocordina to the invention but for obtaining the supply of the signal voltage E; in phase-opposition use may be made of a trans-- former.

The circuit-arrangement according to the invention permits 01' preventing the occurrence of the auxillary oscillation in the output signal, the so-called carrier-wave leak, in a. considerably more efiective manner than used to be the case in the known circuit-arrangement and in addition parallel capacitles do not constitute a. souroe -tron emisslve electrodes posltioned on either side of another point in said line to intercept said beam, said second and third electrodes being interconnected, means to Impress constant positivex potentials on the respective electrodes of said tube to establish a bilateral control path between said first and second electrodes and between said third and fourth electrodes, means to apply the signal voltage to said flrst and fourth electrodes in phase -opposition means to apply the oscillatory wave to said deflecting means to rciprocate said beam along said lne in accordance with said wave, and output means to derive the resultant modulation components from said interconnected second and thrdelectnodes.

2. In a circuit arrangement for moduiating an oscillatory wave with a sgnal voltage whereb1!- said wave is suppressed in the output thereoi', th e conlbination comprising a cathode ray tube.provded with means including a cathode to generate a primary electron beam, a pair of deflecting plates to displace said beam along a given line; flrst and second secondary-electron emissive electrodes positioned in spaced relationship on either side of one point in said line and. anguiarly oriented to intercept said beam, and third and fourth secor1dary electron emissive lectrodes positioned on either side of another point in said line and. angularly oriented to intercept said beam, said second and third electrodes being interconnected, means to mpress constant positive potentials on the respective electrodes of said tube to establish a bilatera.l control path between said first and second electrodes and between said third and tourth electrodes, means to apply the signal voltage to said flrst and fourth electrodes in phase opposition, means to apply the oscillatory wave to said deflecting means to reciprocate said beam along said line in accordance with said wave, and output means to derive the resultant modulation components trom said interconnected second and third electrodes.

3. In a circuit arrangement tor modulating en osclilatory wave with a signal voltage whereby said wave is suppressed in the output thereot, t-he combination comprising a cathode ray tube provided with means including a cathod to generate a primary electron beam, a, pair of deflecting plates to displace said beam along a given line, flrst and second secondary-electron emisslve electrodes positioned inspaced relatin on either side of one point in said line and angularly oriented to intercept said beam, third and fourth secondary-electron emissive electrodes positioned in spaced relation on eitherside of another point in said line and angularly orientecl to intercept said beaxn, said second andthird electrodes being interconnected, means to apply the slgnal voltage between said cathode and said flrst and fourth electrodes in phase opposition, flrst, second and third impedances, means to apply a constant positive potential through said flrst impedance to said first electrode, through said second impedance to the interconnection of said second and third electrodes and through said third impedance to said fourth electrode to establish a bilateral control path between said first and second electrodes and between said second and third electrodes, means to apply the oscillatory wave to said deflectlon plates to r eciprocate said beam along said line in accordance with said wave, and an output circult coupled to said second impedance to derive the resultant modulation components theretrom.

FRANK D1: JAGER. HENDRIK v1m m: WEG.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATEN.TS

Number Name Date 2,190069 Hollmann Feb. 13, 1940 2,269688 Roth Jan. 13, 1942 2,307,074 Pray et al Jan. 5, 1943 

